Distributions and identification procedures

Distinct metaphors properties on the four dimensions of language use display varying distributions across a wide range of parameters of language use:

  • data show that different types of metaphors vary across word classes, registers, and genres
  • data show that different types of metaphors display three-way interactions with both word class and register

These patterns receive functional interpretations in terms of language use and discourse events ((PDF) Metaphor in communication: The distribution of potentially deliberate metaphor across register and word class).

There are reliable metaphor identification procedures (MIP and MIPVU) for the linguistic dimension. MIPVU has been discussed regarding its applicability to other languages than English in Metaphor Identification in Multiple Languages: MIPVU around the world | Edited by Susan Nacey, Aletta G. Dorst, Tina Krennmayr and W. Gudrun Reijnierse.

There is a reliable deliberate metaphor identification procedure (DMIP) for the communicative dimension: DMIP: A Method for Identifying Potentially Deliberate Metaphor in Language Use.

For other metaphor properties mentioned elsewhere, there are no generally available and reliable identification procedures.